MongoDB模糊查询操作的示例分析

lewis 1年前 (2024-03-07) 阅读数 5 #技术

这篇文章主要介绍了MongoDB模糊查询操作的示例分析，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。

1.作用与语法描述

作用：正则表达式是使用指定字符串来描述、匹配一系列符合某个句法规则的字符串。许多程序设计语言都支持利用正则表达式进行字符串操作。MongoDB 使用 $regex 操作符来设置匹配字符串的正则表达式。

语法一

{<field>:{$regex:/pattern/,$options:'<options>'}}
{<field>:{$regex:'pattern',$options:'<options>'}}
{<field>:{$regex:/pattern/<options>}}

语法二

{<field>:/pattern/<options>}

2.案例演示

假设MongoDB中存放了我们OrderService服务的消息信息，其数据如下：

（以下为演示所用到的9个文档）

{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
}

需求：查询 data 字段含有字符 <Head>OK</Head>的文档

执行代码如下：

db.dbtestregex.find({data:{$regex:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/}})

查询代码中的 \ 为转移符，以下查询语句也是如此。

返回结果如下：

{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
}

上面的查询命令也可以改写成：

db.dbtestregex.find({data:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/})

其查询结果是一样的，如下：

{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\""
}

还可以写成：

db.dbtestregex.find({data:{ $regex:'<Head>OK<\/Head>'}})

其实现功能一样。

3.类关系型数据库中的 not like 功能实现

反向查询虽然不常见，但也是我们DBA必须的。下面我们做一个案例演示，看看在MongoDB中，怎么实现not like 功能的查询。

需求查询data 字段中不含 <Head>OK</Head>的文档

执行脚本如下：

db.dbtestregex.find({data:{$not:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/}})

返回的文档如下;

{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"),
"order":"QQ00001",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"),
"order":"QQ00002",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
},
{
"_id":ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"),
"order":"QQ00003",
"data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\""
}

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MongoDB模糊查询操作的示例分析

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