MongoDB模糊查询操作的示例分析
这篇文章主要介绍了MongoDB模糊查询操作的示例分析,具有一定借鉴价值,感兴趣的朋友可以参考下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获,下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
1.作用与语法描述
作用: 正则表达式是使用指定字符串来描述、匹配一系列符合某个句法规则的字符串。许多程序设计语言都支持利用正则表达式进行字符串操作。MongoDB 使用 $regex 操作符来设置匹配字符串的正则表达式。
语法一
{<field>:{$regex:/pattern/,$options:'<options>'}} {<field>:{$regex:'pattern',$options:'<options>'}} {<field>:{$regex:/pattern/<options>}}
语法二
{<field>:/pattern/<options>}
2.案例演示
假设MongoDB中存放了我们OrderService服务的消息信息,其数据如下:
(以下为演示所用到的9个文档)
{ "_id":ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }
需求: 查询 data 字段 含有 字符 <Head>OK</Head>的文档
执行代码如下:
db.dbtestregex.find({data:{$regex:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/}})
查询代码中的 \ 为转移符,以下查询语句也是如此。
返回结果如下:
{ "_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }
上面的查询命令也可以改写成:
db.dbtestregex.find({data:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/})
其查询结果是一样的,如下:
{ "_id":ObjectId("5d305bb74857fc49c0c14c87"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"shenzheng\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0003\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305bd14857fc49c0c14c88"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0002\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305be94857fc49c0c14c89"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>OK</Head><Body><OrderResponsefilter_mmm=\\\"2\\\"destcity=\\\"zhongshan\\\"origincode=\\\"QQ0001\\\"/></Body></Response>\"" }
还可以写成:
db.dbtestregex.find({data:{ $regex:'<Head>OK<\/Head>'}})
其实现功能一样。
3.类关系型数据库中的 not like 功能实现
反向查询虽然不常见,但也是我们DBA必须的。下面我们做一个案例演示,看看在MongoDB中,怎么实现not like 功能的查询。
需求 查询data 字段中不含 <Head>OK</Head>的文档
执行脚本如下:
db.dbtestregex.find({data:{$not:/<Head>OK<\/Head>/}})
返回的文档如下;
{ "_id":ObjectId("5d305b1c4857fc49c0c14c81"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b3b4857fc49c0c14c82"), "order":"QQ00001", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b404857fc49c0c14c83"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b454857fc49c0c14c84"), "order":"QQ00002", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b4b4857fc49c0c14c85"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }, { "_id":ObjectId("5d305b4f4857fc49c0c14c86"), "order":"QQ00003", "data":"\"<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='UTF-8'?><Responseservice=\\\"OrderService\\\"><Head>ERR</Head><ERROR>重复下单</ERROR></Response>\"" }
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