前端面试|必知必会的10道Promise题!
Promise 想必大家都十分熟悉,想想就那么几个 api,可是你真的了解 Promise 吗?本文根据 Promise 的一些知识点总结了十道题,看看你能做对几道。
以下 promise 均指代 Promise 实例,环境是 Node.js。
题目一
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
console.log(1)
resolve()
console.log(2)
})
promise.then(() => {
console.log(3)
})
console.log(4)
运行结果:
1
2
4
3
题目二
const promise1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('success')
}, 1000)
})
const promise2 = promise1.then(() => {
throw new Error('error!!!')
})
console.log('promise1', promise1)
console.log('promise2', promise2)
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('promise1', promise1)
console.log('promise2', promise2)
}, 2000)
运行结果:
promise1 Promise { <pending> }
promise2 Promise { <pending> }
(node:50928) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection (rejection id: 1): Error: error!!!
(node:50928) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
promise1 Promise { 'success' }
promise2 Promise {
<rejected> Error: error!!!
at promise.then (...)
at <anonymous> }
解释:promise 有 3 种状态:pending、fulfilled 或 rejected。状态改变只能是 pending->fulfilled 或者 pending->rejected,状态一旦改变则不能再变。上面 promise2 并不是 promise1,而是返回的一个新的 Promise 实例。\
题目三
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success1')
reject('error')
resolve('success2')
})
promise
.then((res) => {
console.log('then: ', res)
})
.catch((err) => {
console.log('catch: ', err)
})
运行结果:
then: success1
题目四**
Promise.resolve(1)
.then((res) => {
console.log(res)
return 2
})
.catch((err) => {
return 3
})
.then((res) => {
console.log(res)
})
运行结果:
1
2
题目五
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('once')
resolve('success')
}, 1000)
})
const start = Date.now()
promise.then((res) => {
console.log(res, Date.now() - start)
})
promise.then((res) => {
console.log(res, Date.now() - start)
})
运行结果:
once
success 1005
success 1007
题目六
Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
return new Error('error!!!')
})
.then((res) => {
console.log('then: ', res)
})
.catch((err) => {
console.log('catch: ', err)
})
运行结果:
then: Error: error!!!
at Promise.resolve.then (...)
at ...
引用
解释:.then 或者 .catch 中 return 一个 error 对象并不会抛出错误,所以不会被后续的 .catch 捕获,需要改成其中一种:
return Promise.reject(new Error('error!!!'))
throw new Error('error!!!')
引用
因为返回任意一个非 promise 的值都会被包裹成 promise 对象,即 return new Error('error!!!') 等价于 return Promise.resolve(new Error('error!!!'))。
引用
题目七
const promise = Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
return promise
})
promise.catch(console.error)
运行结果:
TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>
at <anonymous>
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:188:7)
at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:667:11)
at startup (bootstrap_node.js:187:16)
at bootstrap_node.js:607:3
解释:.then 或 .catch 返回的值不能是 promise 本身,否则会造成死循环。类似于:process.nextTick(function tick () {
console.log('tick')
process.nextTick(tick)
})
题目八
Promise.resolve(1)
.then(2)
.then(Promise.resolve(3))
.then(console.log)
运行结果:
1
题目九
Promise.resolve()
.then(function success (res) {
throw new Error('error')
}, function fail1 (e) {
console.error('fail1: ', e)
})
.catch(function fail2 (e) {
console.error('fail2: ', e)
})
运行结果:
fail2: Error: error
at success (...)
at ...
Promise.resolve()
.then(function success1 (res) {
throw new Error('error')
}, function fail1 (e) {
console.error('fail1: ', e)
})
.then(function success2 (res) {
}, function fail2 (e) {
console.error('fail2: ', e)
})
题目十
process.nextTick(() => {
console.log('nextTick')
})
Promise.resolve()
.then(() => {
console.log('then')
})
setImmediate(() => {
console.log('setImmediate')
})
console.log('end')
运行结果:
end
nextTick
then
setImmediate
解释:process.nextTick 和 promise.then 都属于 microtask,而 setImmediate 属于 macrotask,在事件循环的 check 阶段执行。事件循环的每个阶段(macrotask)之间都会执行 microtask,事件循环的开始会先执行一次 microtask。
引用
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